Some of the most magical things the planet has to offer are the most natural. Case in point? Foxfire bioluminescence.
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Take a midnight stroll through the golden foliage-filled woods this fall and you might discover foxfire, a type of fungus that primarily grows in decaying wood. Also called fairy fire, the fungi creates light during a chemical reaction that occurs when the quick-growing, healthy fungal cells consume wood and the oxidative enzyme luciferase reacts with luciferin.
Though air pollution and other factors can affect the foxfire’s brightness, some say the fungus’ bioluminescence is so bright that one could read a book with only the fungus’ light. Foxfire is the informal term for many different bioluminescent fungi including Panellus stipticus, which grows as small clusters of glowing mushrooms.
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Bioluminescent life forms create their own light by mixing certain chemical compounds together to form a glow. As this luminescence neither requires nor produces heat (unlike much light humans use), it is often called cold light. Scientists estimate that creatures produce light either to scare off predators or to attract insects and promote the spread of spores. Either way, bioluminescence is equal parts breathtaking and eerie when one stumbles upon it in real life.
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Source: National Geographic
Though bioluminescent animals have been sighted and recorded for thousands of years, it wasn’t until the 1600s that scientists first began understanding the processes by which animals produced light.
Now, more than four hundred years later, scientists are still unsure how certain species are able to set themselves aglow. Even though scientists can explain the phenomenon in many cases, encountering the brilliantly-lit animals in real life is still a peculiar experience, and the source of many myths, stories and legends.
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Aside from the foxfire fungus, many other bioluminescent creatures exist, including certain species of bacteria, algae, invertebrates and fish. Fireflies are one of the most common bioluminescent insects, and are not hard to find in many parts of the world. Other bioluminescent organisms include cone jellies and jellyfish, ponyfish, scorpions and other ocean creatures.
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Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Association
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